Impembelelo yoLungiso loMgaqo-nkqubo weBhaso lokuThumela ngaphandle kweTshayina kwiShishini leAluminiyam

Ngomhla we-15 kweyeNkanga ngo-2024, uMphathiswa wezeMali waseTshayina kunye noLawulo lweRhafu yeSizwe bakhuphe "iSibhengezo soLungiso loMgaqo-nkqubo wokuBuyiselwa kweMpahla ngaphandle," bebhengeza ukurhoxiswa kwezaphulelo zokuthumela ngaphandle kweemveliso ze-aluminium ukususela nge-1 kaDisemba ngo-2024. Olu hlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo ngokungathandabuzekiyo lunempembelelo enkulu kwishishini le-aluminium, lubandakanya amanani erhafu angama-24 eemveliso ezifana neepleyiti ze-aluminium, imicu, iifoyile, iityhubhu, izixhobo zeetyhubhu, kunye nezinye izinto zebha ze-aluminium kunye nezixhobo zecandelo. Eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwempembelelo yolu hlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo kwishishini le-aluminium ukusuka kwimbono yexesha elifutshane nelide.

I. Impembelelo yexesha elifutshane

1. Iindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle ezinyukileyo kunye neenzuzo ezixinzelelweyo

Eyona mpembelelo ithe ngqo yokurhoxiswa komgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo sokuthumela ngaphandle kukunyuka kweendleko zokuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso ze-aluminium. Ngaphambili, umgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo sokuthumela ngaphandle wawunika amashishini e-aluminium umda othile wenzuzo, nto leyo eyenza iimveliso ze-aluminium zaseTshayina zikhuphisane kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona kunjalo, ngokurhoxiswa komgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo, le nzuzo iya kuthatyathelwa indawo yirhafu, nto leyo ecinezela kakhulu umda wenzuzo yamashishini. Ingakumbi kumashishini axhomekeke kwisaphulelo sokuthumela ngaphandle ukugcina amanqanaba enzuzo, olu hlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo ngokungathandabuzekiyo luyingxaki enkulu.

2. Ukuncipha kwee-odolo zokuthumela ngaphandle kunye noKhuphiswano oluQinisekisiweyo lweMarike

Ngenxa yokunyuka kweendleko zokuthumela ngaphandle, ukhuphiswano lweemveliso ze-aluminium zaseTshayina kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe luya kuncipha. Oku kunokubangela ukuba abathengi bamanye amazwe babhenele kubaboneleli abavela kwamanye amazwe, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa imfuno yeemveliso ze-aluminium zaseTshayina. Ukuncipha kwee-odolo zokuthumela ngaphandle kuya kuchaphazela ngqo imveliso kunye nokusebenza kwamashishini e-aluminium kwaye kuqinise ukhuphiswano lwemarike. Ukuze bakhuphisane ngee-odolo, amashishini anokufuna ukusebenzisa amaqhinga amaxabiso acinezela ngakumbi imida yenzuzo okanye ade akhokelele ekulahlekelweni.

3. Ukwahluka kwamaxabiso e-aluminium kunye nonxibelelwano oluphuculweyo lwemarike yasekhaya neyehlabathi

Emva kokurhoxiswa komgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo sokuthumela ngaphandle, kubekho umahluko obonakalayo kumaxabiso e-aluminium phakathi kweemarike zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. Ixabiso le-aluminium kwiLondon Metal Exchange (LME) lenyuke ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa amaxabiso e-aluminium asekhaya abonise ukuhla. Oku kwahlukana kugxininisa ngakumbi impembelelo yohlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo kwimarike ye-aluminium. Unxibelelwano oluphuculweyo phakathi kwamaxabiso e-aluminium asekhaya nawamazwe ngamazwe lubeka amashishini e-aluminium emngciphekweni omkhulu wemarike.

4. Isiganeko esithi "Ukukhawulezisa Ukuthumela Ngaphandle" kunye nokwehla okulandelayo komthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle

Ngexesha lexesha elingaphambi kokuphunyezwa ngokusemthethweni kwalo mgaqo-nkqubo, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi komhla woku-1 kuDisemba, bekukho isandi "sokukhawuleza ukuthumela ngaphandle" kwimarike yemveliso ye-aluminium yasekhaya. Amashishini anokwandisa imizamo yokuthumela ngaphandle ukuze agqibezele ukuthumela ngaphandle ngaphambi kokuba kutshintshwe umgaqo-nkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokungxama, ubungakanani bokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso ze-aluminium ezinxulumene noko kulindeleke ukuba bunciphe. Oku kutshintsha kwexesha elifutshane kokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kuya kuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwimveliso, ukusebenza, kunye noyilo lwemarike yamashishini e-aluminium.

II. Impembelelo yexesha elide

1. Ukuqhuba Uhlengahlengiso Lweshishini kunye Notshintsho

Nangona ukurhoxiswa komgaqo-nkqubo wokubuyisela imbuyekezo yokuthumela ngaphandle kubangele impembelelo enkulu kwishishini le-aluminium kwixesha elifutshane, ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo mgaqo-nkqubo uza kuqhuba eli shishini ukuba litshintshe ulwakhiwo kunye notshintsho. Amashishini kufuneka aphendule kwimingeni eziswa lutshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo ngokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokwandisa iimarike. Oku kuya kunceda ekupheliseni amandla okuvelisa angasemva kwaye kuphucule ukhuphiswano ngokubanzi lweshishini.

2. Ukukhuthaza uPhuhliso oluHlaza kunye noBuchule bobuChwepheshe

Ngenxa yemithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuphiswano lwemarike oluya lukhula, amashishini e-aluminium kufuneka anikele ingqalelo engakumbi kuphuhliso oluluhlaza kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji. Ukurhoxiswa komgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo sokuthumela ngaphandle kuya kushukumisela amashishini ukuba andise utyalo-mali kuphando nophuhliso, kuqhutywe phambili uphuhliso kwiinkqubo zemigodi, ubuchwepheshe bokunyibilikisa, kunye neendlela zokucubungula. Ngokwamkela iindlela kunye netekhnoloji yokuvelisa enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye isebenza kakuhle, amashishini anokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, aphucule umgangatho wemveliso kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo, aze ngaloo ndlela afumane ithuba elikhulu lokhuphiswano kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.

3. Ukuphucula ulwakhiwo loRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe kunye nokuphucula uKhuphiswano lwaMazwe ngaMazwe

Ukurhoxiswa komgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo sokuthumela ngaphandle yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo ezithathwe ngurhulumente waseTshayina ukuphucula ulwakhiwo lorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ngokunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kweemveliso ezithengiswa ngaphandle ezinexabiso eliphantsi, kunceda ukunciphisa intsalela yorhwebo, ukunciphisa ukungqubana okubangelwa kukungalingani korhwebo, kunye nokuphucula ulwakhiwo lorhwebo lwangaphandle. Kwangaxeshanye, lo mgaqo-nkqubo uya kushukumisela amashishini e-aluminium ukuba agxile ngakumbi ekuphuculeni ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuqinisa ubuchule bobuchwepheshe kunye nokwakha uphawu ukuze kwandiswe impembelelo yawo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.

4. Ukuqinisa iNtsebenziswano yaMazwe ngaMazwe kunye neeMarike eziHlanganisayo

Ejongene nemingeni namathuba aziswa kukurhoxiswa komgaqo-nkqubo wokubuyiselwa kwemali kwamanye amazwe, amashishini e-aluminium kufuneka aqinise intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ahlukanise iimarike. Ngokuseka ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano obuhlala ixesha elide nobuzinzileyo namashishini aphesheya kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwemarike yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nentsebenziswano, amashishini anokunciphisa umngcipheko wemarike kwaye andise isabelo semarike. Kwangaxeshanye, amashishini anokuqwalasela ukwandisa iimarike ezisakhulayo kunye neemarike zamazwe asaphuhlayo ukuze afune iindawo ezintsha zokukhula.

III. Isiphelo

Ngamafutshane, uhlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo wokubuyiselwa kwemali yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe waseTshayina lube nefuthe elikhulu kwishishini le-aluminium. Ngexesha elifutshane, uhlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo luya kunyusa iindleko zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, lunciphise ii-odolo zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, kwaye luqinise ukhuphiswano lwemarike. Nangona kunjalo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo mgaqo-nkqubo uya kuqhuba eli shishini ukuba litshintshe ulwakhiwo kunye notshintsho, likhuthaze uphuhliso oluluhlaza kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, liphucule ulwakhiwo lorhwebo lwangaphandle, liphucule ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe, liqinise intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye lihlukanise iimarike. Ejongene nemingeni namathuba aziswa lolu hlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo, amashishini e-aluminium kufuneka aphendule ngokukhutheleyo kwaye afune iindlela ezintsha zokuphucula utshintsho ukuze afezekise uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.