Umthelela Wokulungiswa Kwenqubomgomo Yesaphulelo Sempahla YaseShayina Embonini Ye-Aluminium

Ngomhla ziyi-15 kuNovemba 2024, uMnyango Wezezimali wase-China kanye Nokuphathwa Kwentela Yesifunda bakhiphe ngokuhlanganyela "Isimemezelo Sokulungisa Inqubomgomo Yesaphulelo Sokuthunyelwa Kokuthekelisa," bememezela ukukhanselwa kwezaphulelo zokuthekelisa zokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ye-aluminium kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Disemba 2024. Lokhu kulungiswa kwenqubomgomo ngokungangabazeki kunomthelela omkhulu embonini yezinhlamvu zamapuleti e-aluminium24, embonini yezinhlamvu ze-aluminium, zentela ye-aluminium24, ama-foil, amashubhu, izesekeli zeshubhu, kanye ne-aluminium bar kanye nezinto zesigaba. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngohlaziyo oluningiliziwe lomthelela walokhu kulungiswa kwenqubomgomo embonini ye-aluminium kusukela kumibono yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside.

I. Umthelela Wesikhathi Esifushane

1. Izindleko Zokuthekelisa Ezanyusiwe kanye Nemali Yenzuzo Ecindezelwe

Umthelela oqondile kakhulu wokukhansela inqubomgomo yesaphulelo sokuthekelisa wukukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo ye-aluminium. Esikhathini esedlule, inqubomgomo yesaphulelo sokuthumela ngaphandle yayihlinzeka amabhizinisi e-aluminium ngenzuzo ethile, okwenza imikhiqizo ye-aluminium yase-China iqhudelane emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesulwa kwenqubomgomo yesaphulelo, le nzuzo izothathelwa indawo yizintela, icindezele kakhulu imingcele yenzuzo yamabhizinisi. Ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini athembele ekwephulelweni kwemali yokuthekelisa ukuze agcine amazinga enzuzo, lokhu kulungiswa kwenqubomgomo akungabazeki ukuthi kuwumthwalo omkhulu.

2. Ukuncipha kwama-oda okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nokuncintisana kwemakethe okuqinisiwe

Ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezindleko zokuthekelisa, ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo ye-aluminium yaseChina emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe kuzokwehla. Lokhu kungase kuholele abathengi baphesheya kwezilwandle ukuthi baphendukele kubahlinzeki abavela kwamanye amazwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise isidingo semikhiqizo ye-aluminium yaseChina. Ukwehla kwama-oda okuthekelisa kuzothinta ngqo ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza kwamabhizinisi e-aluminium futhi kuqinise ukuncintisana kwezimakethe. Ukuze baqhudelane ngama-oda, amabhizinisi angase adinge ukusebenzisa amasu entengo azocindezela ngokwengeziwe amamajini enzuzo noma aholele ekulahlekelweni.

3. Ukwehlukana Kwamanani E-Aluminium Nokuxhumana Okuthuthukisiwe Kwezimakethe Zasekhaya Nezamazwe Ngamazwe

Ngemva kokuhoxiswa kwenqubomgomo yesaphulelo sokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, kube nomehluko obonakalayo emananini e-aluminium phakathi kwezimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. Intengo ye-aluminium ku-London Metal Exchange (LME) yenyuka ngokushesha, kuyilapho amanani e-aluminium yasekhaya ekhombisa ukwehla. Lokhu kwehluka kuphinde kugqamise umthelela wokulungiswa kwenqubomgomo emakethe ye-aluminium. Ukuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe phakathi kwezintengo ze-aluminium zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe kuveza amabhizinisi e-aluminium ezingozini ezinkulu zemakethe.

4. "Rush to the Export" Isenzeko kanye Nokwehliswa Okulandelayo Kumavolumu Okuthumela

Phakathi nenkathi yefasitela ngaphambi kokuqaliswa okusemthethweni kwenqubomgomo, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kukaDisemba 1, kwakukhona igagasi "lokusheshisa ukuthekelisa" emakethe yomkhiqizo wasekhaya we-aluminium. Amabhizinisi angase andise imizamo yokuthekelisa ukuze aqedele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngaphambi kokushintsha kwenqubomgomo. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokujaha, amanani okuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ye-aluminium ehlobene kulindeleke ukuthi ehle. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwesikhashana kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuzoba nomthelela obalulekile ekukhiqizeni, ekusebenzeni, nasekuhlelekeni kwemakethe yamabhizinisi e-aluminium.

II. Umthelela Wesikhathi Eside

1. Ukuhlelwa Kabusha Kwemboni Yezokushayela kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezinguquko

Nakuba ukwesulwa kwenqubomgomo yesaphulelo sokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kudale umthelela omkhulu embonini ye-aluminium esikhathini esifushane, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nqubomgomo izoqhuba imboni ukuthi ibhekane nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo kanye nokuthuthukiswa koguquko. Amabhizinisi adinga ukuphendula ezinseleleni ezilethwa izinguquko zenqubomgomo ngokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukwehlisa izindleko, nokwandisa izimakethe. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqeda amandla okukhiqiza okubuyela emuva futhi kuthuthukise ukuncintisana okuphelele kwemboni.

2. Ukukhuthaza Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuhlaza Kwemvelo kanye Nokuqanjwa Kwezobuchwepheshe

Ngokukhula kwemithetho eqinile yezemvelo kanye nokuncintisana kwemakethe okushubile, amabhizinisi e-aluminium adinga ukunaka kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kokuluhlaza kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukwesulwa kwenqubomgomo yesaphulelo sokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuzokhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi andise ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, kuqhubekisele phambili amasu amasha ezinqubweni zezimayini, ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa, nezindlela zokucubungula. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obunobungani nemvelo obusebenza kahle, amabhizinisi anganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, athuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nenani elengeziwe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela azuze inzuzo enkulu yokuncintisana emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.

3. Ukuthuthukisa Isakhiwo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle kanye Nokuthuthukisa Ukuncintisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Ukwesulwa kwenqubomgomo yesaphulelo sokuthumela kwamanye amazwe kungenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile ezithathwe uhulumeni waseShayina ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhlaka lokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Ngokunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo enenani eliphansi, kusiza ukunciphisa imali enqwabelene yohwebo, kunciphise ukungezwani okubangelwa ukungalingani kwezohwebo, futhi kuthuthukise ukwakheka kohwebo lwangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le nqubomgomo izogqugquzela amabhizinisi e-aluminium ukuthi agxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuqinisa ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwakhiwa komkhiqizo ukuze kwandiswe amandla abo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe.

4. Ukuqinisa Ukubambisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe kanye Nezimakethe Ezihlukahlukene

Ngokubhekana nezinselele kanye namathuba alethwa ukwesulwa kwenqubomgomo yokubuyiselwa kwemali kwamanye amazwe, amabhizinisi e-aluminium kudingeka aqinise ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe futhi ahlukanise izimakethe. Ngokusungula ubudlelwano bokubambisana besikhathi eside nobuzinzile namabhizinisi aphesheya kanye nokubamba iqhaza emqhudelwaneni wezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokubambisana, amabhizinisi anganciphisa ubungozi bezimakethe futhi andise isabelo semakethe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhizinisi angacabangela ukwandisa izimakethe ezikhulayo kanye nezimakethe zamazwe asathuthuka ukuze afune amaphuzu amasha okukhula.

III. Isiphetho

Kafushane, ukulungiswa kwenqubomgomo yesaphulelo sokuthunyelwa kwempahla yaseShayina kube nomthelela omkhulu embonini ye-aluminium. Esikhathini esifushane, ukulungiswa kwenqubomgomo kuzokhuphula izindleko zokuthekelisa, kunciphise ama-oda okuthunyelwa ngaphandle, futhi kuqinise nokuncintisana kwezimakethe. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nqubomgomo izoqhuba imboni ukuthi ibhekane nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo kanye nokuthuthukiswa koguquko, ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kohlaza kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, ithuthukise uhlaka lohwebo lwangaphandle, ithuthukise ukuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, iqinise ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, futhi ihlukanise izimakethe. Ngokubhekana nezinselelo namathuba alethwa yilokhu kulungiswa kwenqubomgomo, amabhizinisi e-aluminium kudingeka aphendule futhi afune izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa uguquko ukuze afinyelele intuthuko esimeme.